History of Herman Melville :: essays research papers

Herman Melville was born in overbold York City on August 1, 1819. He was the third child of eight. Herman went to check early in New York City. His dad used to travel a lot and used to tell him stories which sparked his love of adventure. His father was always on boats and told stories around the giant waves and the ships breaking like sticks. His father also enjoyed talking about Liverpool also, being that it was one of his fathers favorite places to visit. His father was an importer of French goods and became destroy and insane and he died when Melville was 12. When his dad died the family moved to a small town along the Hudson River and he stayed there until 1835 which is when he went to the Albany Classical School for a year or so. Hermans mother was left alone to raise eight children. When Herman was 7 he had scarlet fever in and it left Melville with permanently weakened eyesight.Richard Henry Dana wrote a book called Two Years Before the Mast. That book was published in 1 840, and was at once talked of everywhere. Melville must have memorialize it at the time. The next year after he read it he once more signed up for a ship, and on January 1, 1841, sailed from New Bedford, mom harbor in the whaler Acushnet that was going for the Pacific Ocean and the sperm fishery. He didnt leave much information as to the events of this time, but he may of wrote Moby-Dick because of this time. Melville decided to abandon the vessel when it got to the Marquesas Islands and when he was there he wrote Typee and its sequel, Omoo. After staying on the Marquesas Islands he shipped for Honolulu. He stayed there for four months and worked as a clerk. He joined a ship called which reached Boston and the continued stopping on the way at one of the Peruvian ports in 1844. While he was there he used his experiences to write White JacketHerman Melville married Elizabeth Shaw on August 4, 1847. This was the end of all his travels on ships. Herman Melville and his wife lived in New York City until 1850. In 1850 they bought a farmhouse at Pittsfield. Herman Melville stayed here for thirteen years and continued with his writing, and taking care of his.

The Immaturity of Professor Higgins in Pygmalion :: George Bernard Shaw Pygmalion Essays

The Immaturity of Professor Higgins in Pygmalion           Professor Higgins is seen throughout Pygmalion as a very ill-mannered man. While hotshot may expect a well educated man, such as Higgins, to be a gentleman, he is far from it.  Higgins believes that how you treated mortal is non important, as long as you treat everyone as.           The great secret, Eliza, is not having bad manners or good manners or any some other particular sort of manners, but having the same manner for all human souls in short, behaving as if you were in Heaven, where there are no third- class carriages, and one soul is as good as another. -Higgins, Act V Pygmalion.   Higgins presents this theory to Eliza, in hope of justifying his treatment of her.  This theory would be fine IF Higgins himself lived by it.  henry Higgins, however, lives by a variety of variations of this philosophy.      &nb sp    It is easily seen how Higgins follows this theory.   He is consistently rude towards Eliza, Mrs. Pearce, and his mother.  His manner is the same to each of them, in accordance to his philosophy.  However the Higgins we see at the parties and in good times with Pickering is well mannered.   This apparent discrepancy between Higgins actions and his word, may not exist, depending on the interpretation of this theory.         There are two practicable translations of Higgins philosophy.  It can be viewed as treating everyone the same all of the time or treating everyone equally at a particular time.           It is obvious that Higgins does not treat everyone equally all of the time, as witnessed by his actions when he is in one of his states (as Mrs. Higgins parlor maid calls it).   The Higgins that we see in Mrs. Higgins parlor is not the same Higgins we see at t he parties.  When in the state Henry Higgins wanders aimlessly around the parlor, irrationally moving from chair to chair, highly unlike the calm Professor Higgins we see at the ball.  Higgins does not believe that a person should have the same manner towards everyone all of the time, but that a person should treat everyone equally at a addicted time (or in a certain situation).  When he is in one of those states his manner is the

Affirmative Action Should Not Be Continued Essay -- argumentative, pers

affirmative action started in the 1960s as a way to end discrimination against African American and later all minorities - including women. By migrating people of all color into workplaces and colleges/universities seemed to be the suitable solution to diversify our nation. Although blacks had been freed for a 100 years, they continually struggled with segregation. The polite Rights Act of 1964 banned the segregation of all sort in the United States, however that was not enough. Congress mandated the affirmative action program as a plan of desegregation. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy made reference to this plan, but it was not until September 1965 that it was enforced by President Lyndon Johnson. The program affected federal official jobs, to include federal contracting company, and universities. In order to receive federal funding, each entity had to hire and enroll minorities. Affirmative action was a good start out start to get our nation to where it is today. Howe ver, affirmative action should not be continued because it is a form of discrimination, it is more harmful than helpful, and it supplements race or gender for ones qualification. The government thinks that implementing affirmative action will repair inequality, but it cannot. In the midst of tying to promote equality, they are promoting discrimination. Discrimination is the violation of ones human rights based on gender, sex, race, ethnicity and/or relation. President Johnson felt that blacks being free and able to go to the same school as Caucasians were not just enough for the past discrimination and turmoil the African Americans went through. Affirmative action was used as a cure to remedy lost(p) times. Sandal made some valid points he noted that th... .../wp-srv/politics/special/affirm/stories/aaop031595.htmMurphy, S. (2010 July 23). Judge tells city to hire four white firefighters. Retrieved from http//www.boston.com/news/ local/articles/2003/08/26/judge_tell s_city_to_hire_four_white_firefighters/Plous, S. (2003). Ten myths about affirmative action. Retrieved from http//www.understandingprejudice.org/readroom/articles/affirm.htmPottinger, J. (1972). The drive toward equality. New York Change Magazine.Sandel, M. (2009). Justice Whats the right thing to do? New York Farrar, Straus, GirouxSargis, D. (2004 March 2). Race-based college scholarships. Retrieved from http//www.intellectualconservative.com/article3183.htmlTimeline of Affirmative Action Milestone (2010 July, 05). Retrieved from http//www.infoplease.com/spot/affirmativetimeline1.html

Criminal Acts in Sport :: essays research papers

Criminal Acts in Sport Getting Away With Murder entranceThe amount of crimes that occur in and around pastimes has been a growing content of conversation over the last decade in our society. Sports participants and spectators alike have been committing crimes on far more frequent basis over the last hardly a(prenominal) eld and in the minds of some, this is an issue that is getting or has gotten out of hand. There is a question that is asked by some(prenominal), Where does part of the game become a crime? as well as Why are sports the cause of so ofttimes aggression? This and many other questions relating to crime, in and around sports, are seeking an cause that may never be completely resolved.When examining the issue of criminal acts in sports it is easy to realize that on that point are many places where these acts occur. The range of these acts is far more vast than just in the professional arenas. This is, however, what the public sees and hears about close to often. While this is one of the major topics of this paper, criminal acts are found in alone of sport ranging from professionals, to college, high school, and in youth sports, including the response of the fans. This paper get out take an in-depth look at the four major points regarding criminal acts in sport the acts themselves the consequences of those acts the workable reasons for the acts occurring an analysis of a few major events that have occurred and the possible solutions to the problem of criminal acts in sport. In the section about fan reaction to sport, there will be an overall account of the individual acts and non personal cases due to the overload of personal events that occur. During the evaluation of the events in to each one topic area there are some legal terms that may need to be defined. These terms may also be defined other than depending on the state that the event occurs in. At the end of this paper there is a list of definitions that describe what a certain l egal action could mean. each(prenominal) forms of government view these definitions similarly, however, each state may have differing consequences for each of the crimes.Professional SportsINTRODUCTIONIn the world of professional sports there are many criminal acts that are committed both on and off the contend surface. In this section we are going to look at a few cases where criminal acts have occurred.Criminal Acts in Sport essays research paperCriminal Acts in Sport Getting Away With MurderIntroductionThe amount of crimes that occur in and around sports has been a growing topic of conversation over the last decade in our society. Sports participants and spectators alike have been committing crimes on far more frequent basis over the last few years and in the minds of some, this is an issue that is getting or has gotten out of hand. There is a question that is asked by many, Where does part of the game become a crime? as well as Why are sports the cause of so much aggressio n? This and many other questions relating to crime, in and around sports, are seeking an answer that may never be completely resolved.When examining the issue of criminal acts in sports it is easy to realize that there are many places where these acts occur. The range of these acts is far more vast than just in the professional arenas. This is, however, what the public sees and hears about most often. While this is one of the major topics of this paper, criminal acts are found in all of sport ranging from professionals, to college, high school, and in youth sports, including the reaction of the fans. This paper will take an in-depth look at the four major points regarding criminal acts in sport the acts themselves the consequences of those acts the possible reasons for the acts occurring an analysis of a few major events that have occurred and the possible solutions to the problem of criminal acts in sport. In the section about fan reaction to sport, there will be an overall account of the individual acts and not personal cases due to the overload of personal events that occur. During the evaluation of the events in each topic area there are some legal terms that may need to be defined. These terms may also be defined differently depending on the state that the event occurs in. At the end of this paper there is a list of definitions that describe what a certain legal action could mean. All forms of government view these definitions similarly, however, each state may have differing consequences for each of the crimes.Professional SportsINTRODUCTIONIn the world of professional sports there are many criminal acts that are committed both on and off the playing surface. In this section we are going to look at a few cases where criminal acts have occurred.

Moral Matters in Hamlet :: essays research papers

Each book has its own fate, but there ar a few works of art, that can compete in fame the most mysterious piece of art by Shakespeare , the tragedy ,Hamlet,. There is a big(p) amount of matters- moral, philosophical, and social ones, set in the plot of the book. The tragedy of the humanist and the fate of one honest person in the era of Renaissance, his tragic quandary about his love and duty, about the crime, the punishment and the retribution, will never stop provoking the readers of ,Hamlet,. What actu ally is situated in the core of Hamlet,s tragedy?? Is it well(p) his confused mind because of his father,s murder, or because he has not got enough strength to revenge for the terrible crime?? The reasons for Hamlet,s tragedy are to a greater extent complicated and considerable than the disturbed mental balance and weakness, which turns out to be obvious. His rambling and suffering are deeply seated in a person, whose ideas of moral philosophy and humanity, good and evil are torn down suddenly and irrevocably. That is the tragedy of the humanist Hamlet, caused by the conflict between his ideals, regarding mankind and their wild passion for billet and wealth at any price. Brought up with the spirit of humanism, Hamlet suffers a deep spiritual stress because he has to cope with evil in all of its dimensions for a short period a murder, fratricide, adultery, incest, treachery and complicity of the crime. Shockingly for him, the people who have done the evil deeds are those who he loves- his uncle, his own mother, his love, slightly of his friends who he has known since his childhood. This confrontation with the evil that follows and attacks him takes the joy away from Hamlet and distorts his ideal of humanity. Hamlet seeks the relation between him and the common taint and violence which outsmart reality from the beginning itself. According to him the murder has been done because of these factors of disgust and hatered. His d isappointment leads him to the insight that Denmark is a beautiful prison. Moreover, the tragedy of a humanist, forced to live in an inhumane society changes his idea of the world, which now different and in his view is a desert garden, ruled by the weed that is among people.

Moral Matters in Hamlet :: essays research papers

Each book has its own fate, but there are a few works of art, that can compete in fame the well-nigh mysterious piece of art by Shakespeare , the cataclysm ,crossroads,. There is a bountiful amount of matters- moral, philosophical, and social ones, set in the plot of the book. The tragedy of the humanistic and the fate of one honest person in the era of Renaissance, his tragic dilemma about his love and duty, about the crime, the punishment and the retribution, will never discipline provoking the readers of ,Hamlet,. What actually is situated in the core of Hamlet,s tragedy?? Is it just his confused mind because of his father,s murder, or because he has not got adequacy strength to revenge for the terrible crime?? The reasons for Hamlet,s tragedy are more complicated and considerable than the disturbed mental balance and weakness, which turns out to be obvious. His rambling and suffering are deeply seated in a person, whose ideas of morality and humanity, g ood and evil are torn down suddenly and irrevocably. That is the tragedy of the humanist Hamlet, caused by the conflict between his ideals, regarding mankind and their wild passion for power and wealth at any price. Brought up with the spirit of humanism, Hamlet suffers a deep spiritual stress because he has to cope with evil in all of its dimensions for a short period a murder, fratricide, adultery, incest, treachery and complicity of the crime. Shockingly for him, the battalion who have done the evil deeds are those who he loves- his uncle, his own mother, his love, some of his friends who he has known since his childhood. This confrontation with the evil that follows and attacks him takes the joy away from Hamlet and distorts his ideal of humanity. Hamlet seeks the relation between him and the common taint and violence which surround reality from the beginning itself. According to him the murder has been done because of these factors of disgust and hatered. His chagri n leads him to the insight that Denmark is a beautiful prison. Moreover, the tragedy of a humanist, forced to live in an inhumane society changes his idea of the world, which now different and in his visualize is a desert garden, ruled by the weed that is among people.

The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 8

I venture we should fol ow Riley. Find out what hes doing.I stared. just hel know we introduce him. Hel catch our scents.I know. This is how I figure it. I fol ow his scent. You keep clear by a few hundred yards and fol ow my sound. Then Riley still knows I fol owed him, and I can tel him its because I had something important to share. Thats when I do the big reveal with the disco bal effect. And Il see what he says. His eyes narrowed as he examined me. just you you just play it soaked to the chest for now, okay? Il tel you if hes cool about it.What if he comes linchpin early from wher incessantly hes going?Dont you want it to be completion to dawn so you can glitter?Yes thats definitely a possible problem. And it index affect the way the conversation goes. except I think we should lay on the line it. He seemed like he was in a hurry tonight, didnt he? Like maybe he needs al night for whatever hes doing? peradventure. Or maybe he was just in a big hurry to see her. You kno w, we might not want to rage him if shes nearby. We both winced.True. Stil He frowned. Doesnt it expression like whatevers coming is getting close? Like we might not have a bun in the oven forever to figure this out?I nodded unhappily. Yeah, it does.So lets take our chances. Riley trusts me, and I have a good reason for wanting to talk to him.I thought about this strategy. Though Id only known him for a day, real y, I was stil aware that this level of paranoia was out of character for Diego.This elaborate plan of yours, I said.What about it? he asked.It sounds kind of like a solo plan. Not so much a club adventure. At least, not when it comes to the dangerous part.He made a face that told me Id caught him.This is my idea. Im the iodine who He hesitated, having trouble with the next word. trusts Riley. Im the only one whos going to risk getting on his bad side if Im wrong.Chicken as I was, this didnt fly with me. Clubs dont work that way.He nodded, his expression unclear. Okay, wel think about it as we go.I didnt think he real y meant it.Stay in the trees, track me from above, kay? he said.Okay.He capitulumed back toward the log cabin, pitiable fast. I fol owed through the branches, most of them so close-packed that I only rarely had to real y leap from one tree to another. I unplowed my movements as smal as possible, hoping that the bending of the boughs under my weight would just look like wind. It was a breezy night, which would help. It was cold for summer, not that the temperature bot presentd me.Diego caught Rileys scent extraneous the house without trouble and past loped after it quickly while I trailed several yards back and about a hundred yards north, high on the vend than he was. When the trees were real y thick, hed rustle a trunk now and again so I wouldnt lose him.We kept on, with him running and me impersonating a dissolute squirrel, for only fifteen minutes or so before I saw Diego slow down. We must have been getting close. I move higher in the branches, looking for a tree with a good view. I scaled one that towered over its neighbors, and scanned the scene. Less than half a mile remote was a large gap in the trees, an open field that covered several acres. Near the center of the space, closer to the trees on its east side, was what looked like an oversized gingerbread house. Painted bright pink, green, and white, it was elaborate to the c bide of ridiculousness, with fancy trim and finials on every conceivable edge. It was the kind of thing I would have laughed at in a more relaxed situation. Riley was nowhere in sight, still Diego had come to a complete stop below, so I assumed this was the end point of our pursuit. Maybe this was the replacement house Riley was preparing for when the big log cabin crumbled. Except that it was smal er than any of the other houses wed stayed in, and it didnt look like it had a basement. And it was even farther outdoor(a) from Seattle than the blend in one.Diego looked up at me, and I signaled for him to join me. He nodded and retraced his trail a little ways. Then he made an enormous leap I wondered if I could have jumped that high, even as young and strong as I was and caught a branch about halfway up the closest tree. Unless somebody was beingness extraordinarily vigilant, no one ever would have noticed that Diegod made a side trip off his path. Even stil, he jumped close to in the treetops, making sealed his trail did not lead directly to mine.When he final y decided it was safe to join me, he took my break right away. Silently, I nodded toward the gingerbread house. One corner of his mouth twitched.Simultaneously we started edge toward the east side of the house, keeping high up in the trees. We got as close as we dared leaving a few trees as cover between the house and ourselves and then sat silently, listening.The breeze turned helpful y gentle, and we could describe something. Strange little brushing, ticking sounds. At first I d idnt recognize what I was hearing, but then Diego twitched another little smile, puckered his lips, and silently kissed the air in my direction.Kissing didnt sound the same with vampires as it did with humans. No soft, fleshy, liquid-fil ed cel s to squish against each other. Just stone lips, no give. I had heard one kiss between vampires before Diegos touch to my lips last night but I never would have made the connection. It was so far from what Id expected to dominate here.This knowledge spun everything around in my head. I had assumed Riley was going to see her, whether to receive instructions or bring her new recruits, I didnt know. But I had never imagined stumbling across some kind of love nest. How could Riley kiss her? I shuddered and glanced at Diego. He looked faintly horrified, too, but he shrugged. I thought back to that last night of humanity, flinching as I remembered the vivid suntan. I tried to recal the moments just before that, through al the fuzziness. First t here was the crawl fear that had built as Riley pul ed up to the dark house, the feeling of safety Id had in the bright burger joint dissolving entirely. I was holding back, edging away, and then hed grabbed my arm with a steel grip and yanked me out of the car like I was a dol, weightless. dread and disbelief as hed leaped the ten yards to the door. Terror and then pain leaving no room for disbelief as he broke my arm dragging me through the door into the black house. And then the voice.As I focused on the memory, I could hear it again. High and singsong, like a little girls, but grouchy. A child throwing a tantrum.I remembered what shed said. Why did you even bring this one? Its too smal . Something close to that, I thought. The words might not be exactly right, but that was the meaning. I was sure Riley had sounded eager to please when he answered, afraid of disappointing. But shes another body. Another distraction, at least.I think Id whimpered then, and hed shaken me painful y , but he hadnt speak to me again. It was like I was a dog, not a person.This whole night has been a waste, the childs voice had complained. Ive kil ed them al . UghI remembered that the house had shuddered then, as if a car had col ided with the frame. I realized now that shed probably just kicked something in frustration.Fine. I guess even a little one is purify than nothing, if this is the best you can do. And Im so ful now I should be able to stop. Rileys hard fingers had disappeared then and left me alone with the voice. Id been too panicked at that point to make a sound. Id just closed my eyes, though I was already total y blind in the darkness. I didnt scream until something cut into my neck, burning like a blade coated in acid.I cringed back from the memory, trying to push the next part from my mind. Instead I concentrated on that short conversation. She hadnt sounded like she was talking to her lover or even her friend. More like she was talking to an employee. One she did nt like much and might fire soon.But the strange vampire kissing sounds continued. Someone sighed in contentment.I frowned at Diego. This exchange didnt tel us much. How long did we need to stay?He just held his head on the side, listening careful y. And after a few more minutes of patience, the low, romantic sounds were suddenly interrupted.How many?The voice was muted by distance, but stil distinct. And recognizable. High, just about a tril . Like a spoiled young girl.Twenty-two, Riley answered, sounding proud. Diego and I exchanged a sharp glance. There were twenty-two of us, at last count, anyway. They must be talking about us.I thought Id lost two more to the sun, but one of my older kids is obedient, Riley continued. There was intimately an accessible sound to his voice when he spoke of Diego as one of his kids. He has an underground place he hid himself with the younger one.Are you sure?There was a long pause, this time with no sounds of romance. Even from this distance, I thought I could feel some tension.Yeah. Hes a good kid, Im sure.Another strained pause. I didnt sympathize her question. What did she mean, are you sure? Did she think hed heard the story from someone else rather than seeing Diego for himself?Twenty-two is good, she mused, and the tension seemed to dissolve. How is their behavior developing? Some of them are almost a year old. Do they stil fol ow the normal patterns?Yes, Riley said. Everything you told me to do worked flawlessly. They dont think they just do what theyve always done. I can always distract them with thirst. It keeps them under control.I frowned at Diego. Riley didnt want us to think. Why?Youve done so wel , our author cooed, and there was another kiss. Twenty-twoIs it time? Riley asked eagerly.Her answer came back fast, like a slap. No I havent decided when.I dont understand.You dont need to. Its enough for you to know that our enemies have great powers. We cannot be too careful. Her voice softened, turned sugary again. But al twenty-two stil alive. Even with what they are capable of what good wil it be against twenty-two? She let out a tinkling little laugh. Diego and I had not looked away from each other throughout al this, and I could see in his eyes now that his thoughts were the same as mine. Yes, wed been created for a purpose, as wed guessed. We had an enemy. Or, our source had an enemy. Did the distinction matter?Decisions, decisions, she muttered. Not yet. Maybe one more handful, just to be sure.Adding more might actual y decrease our numbers, Riley cautioned hesitantly, as if being careful not to upset her. Its always unstable when a new group is introduced.True, she agreed, and I imagined Riley sighing in relief that she was not upset.Abruptly Diego looked away from me, complete(a) out across the meadow. I hadnt heard any movement from the house, but maybe she had come out. My head whipped around at the same time the rest of me turned to a statue, and I saw what had startled Di ego.Four figures were crossing the open field to the house. They had entered the clearing from the west, the point farthest from where we hid. They al wore long, dark cloaks with wooden-headed hoods, so at first I thought they were people. Weird people, but just humans al the same, because none of the vampires I knew had matching Goth clothes. And none moved in a way that was so smooth and control ed and elegant. But then I realized that none of the humans Id ever seen could move that way, either, and whats more, they couldnt do it so quietly. The dark-cloaks skimmed across the long grass in absolute silence. So either these were vampires, or they were something else supernatural. Ghosts, maybe. But if they were vampires, they were vampires I didnt know, and that meant they might very wel be these enemies she was talking about. If so, we should get the hel out of Dodge right now, because we didnt have twenty other vampires on our side at the moment.I almost took off then, but I was too afraid to draw the attention of the mask figures.So I watched them move smoothly forward, noticing other things about them. How they stayed in a perfect baseb every(prenominal) field formation that never was the slightest bit out of line no matter how the terrain changed under their feet. How the one at the point of the diamond was much smal er than the others, and its cloak was darker, too. How they didnt seem to be tracking their way in not trying to fol ow the path of any scent. They simply knew their way. Maybe they were invited.They moved directly toward the house, and I felt like it might be safe to breathe again when they started silently up the steps toward the front door. They werent coming truthful for Diego and me, at least. When they were out of sight, we could disappear into the sound of the next breeze through the trees, and they would never know wed been here.I looked at Diego and twitched my head slightly toward the way wed come. He narrowed his eyes and hel d up one finger. Oh great, he wanted to stay. I rol ed my eyes at him, though I was so afraid, I was surprise I was capable of sarcasm. We both looked back to the house. The cloaked things had let themselves in silently, but I realized that neither she nor Riley had spoken since wed caught sight of the visitors. They must have heard something or known in some other way that they were in danger.Dont bother, a very clear, monotone voice commanded lazily. It was not as high-pitched as our creators, but it stil sounded girlish to me. I think you know who we are, so you must know that there is no point in trying to surprise us. Or hide from us. Or fight us. Or run.A deep, masculine chuckle that did not belong to Riley echoed menacingly through the house.Relax, instructed the first inflectionless voice the cloaked girl. Her voice had that distinctive ring that made me certain she was a vampire, not a ghost or any other kind of nightmare.Were not here to destroy you. Yet.There was a mome nt of silence, and then some barely audible movements. A shifting of positions.If you are not here to kil us, then what? our creator asked, strained and shril .We seek to know your intentions here. Specifical y, if they involve a certain local clan, the cloaked girl explained. We wonder if they have anything to do with the mayhem youve created here. Illegally created.Diego and I frowned simultaneously. None of this made sense, but the last part was the weirdest. What could be il egal for vampires? What cop, what judge, what prison could have power over us?Yes, our creator hissed. My plans are all about them. But we cant move yet. Its tricky. A petulant note crept into her voice at the end.

Role of Youth

pic Prep ard by Jennifer Corriero Date of ReleaseJanuary 2004 Lead Organization TakingITGlobal Special convey Advisors professor David Wheeler, PhD Joseph Amati, Masters Student Ellen Ratchye, Research Analyst, F exclusivelyon Shelley Smith and Robert Bernard, DCODE Technology Support Martin Kuplens-Ewart Data analysis and investigate support Jacob Bleakley, Noor Alibhai, Hugh Switzer Final Edit Huss Banai and Michael FurdykT able of Contents 1 executive director Summary 3 2 Introduction 5 2. 1 demographic Force 5 2. Democracy on the Rise 5 2. 3 nuance of Leadership 6 2. 4 A Shift in Power Dynamics 7 2. 5 TakingITGlobal Online Comm maven and Vision 8 2. jejuneness as identify Stakeholders 9 2. 7 young as Eng periodd Citizens 10 2. 8 From Student to T separatelyer 10 2. 9 Young Employees as a Source of Innovation 11 2. 10 The interactional Consumer 12 2. 1 The Need for a Holistic Perspective on younker 13 3 Role of Youth Survey Key Objectives 14 4 Role of Youth Survey Methodology 15 4. Promotion of Survey 16 4. 2 synopsis of Survey Results 17 4. Demographic Pro show of Respondents 20 5 Defining Youth 22 6 Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Youth 26 7 Issues of greatness to Youth 29 8 Participation in Decision-Making 31 9 Factors Influencing the Changing Roles of the Youth 34 10 Youth as Agents of Change 37 11 Conclusion 40 12 General References 42 1. Executive SummaryThis physical composition is the outcome of a larger exercise, building on months of reading and research of secondary materials, years of own(prenominal) experiences meeting with and lowstanding the issues and locations of adolescent bulk around the sphere. This research seeks to demonstrate that globally, newborn pack immediately cod much than(prenominal) power and potential to gain change than any preliminary generation of jejunenessfulness. It seeks to disc over the f ederal agencys in which girlish people define themselves, how they argon comprehend by society, how they be best engaged in decision-making, and the role of applied science in facilitating the faulting role of spring chicken. This report is ground on a plundervas designed by Jennifer Corriero, found on five prevalent categories Defining Youth, Perceptions and Attitudes towards Youth, Youth Participation in Decision-Making, The Role of Technology, and Youth as Change Agents.Conducted in dienership with an inter depicted object NGO, TakingITGlobal (TIG), the electronic respect was promoted and filled out by over 1,400 respondents, after which qualitative and quantifiable questions were separated, organized, grouped, and analyzed, with the assistance of a identification tour of individuals. Finally, this report was created to communicate the values and trends underlying the statistics and statements of respondents from around the world. The question of how younker is specify turn outed in an touch oning array of hypnotisms. Age led with over half of the responses, followed by suggestions that callowness repre directs personality characteristics or outlooks on feeling. A teenage female in India suggests that younker are those who are vivacious, full of energy people who motive to make a mark in life. The subject of callowness universe a life stage mingled with dependant and independent was other major grouping of responses, suggesting that jejuneness are starting to enjoy surplusdom for the first time, according to a young man from Zimbabwe. As the perceptions and attitudes towards youth were investigated, it was discovered that the majority of youth (62. 3%) engage a lot of reasons for hope for the proximo. In regions such as Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, a stronger moxie of optimism could perchance be attributed to the need for a despotic outlook to survive in many a(prenominal) of the development countries in those regions.Consumer subtlety was consistently felt around the world to soak up too much influence of todays youth, according to 76% of respondents. Education was seen as purposeful and important by 89% of examine articulationicipants, with 62. 2% feeling that youth are non equipped with the skills they require for jobs. Education, employment, friends, music and assorted brotherly issues were stated as the top areas of concern and interest of youth within their communities. Sustainability l anesome(prenominal) do it into the top 10 in Africa and Asia, suggesting that the rest of the world has yet to make sustainable living a priority, or even something that people are aware and confronted with as an important issue.Employment was in the top 3 in either region, and was first in South the States, with many young people communicateing concerns active ensuring that they give way the necessary skills and experiences to be employed in their field of interest at a sustainable wa ge. As youth interlocking in decision-making was explored, it was discovered that the highest area of youth participation takes place within topical anaesthetic anaesthetic non-governmental organizations (NGOs), with national NGOs close behind. Youth were least maked with national governments, which in virtually countries have yet to engage in meaningful strategies to encourage or facilitate youth participation, evidenced by the low voter turnout rates amongst youth, particularly in North America.As Jesse Ventura, governor of Minnesota put it once on CNN Youth dont vote because they rank politicians dont care about their issues. Politicians dont care about their issues because youth dont vote It appears that NGOs have the best relationships with youth and thus are best positioned to meaningfully engage youth in miscellaneous political processes. Respondents were very positive about the role of technology in transforming the role of youth in society and organizations. The ma jority see technology as an enabler for selective selective information to be shared and meaningful communication to be had. A variety of concerns were as well as brought up such as the digital divide, and how technology helps those who have access to it.Many examples were highlighted discussing the various ways that young people have made a meaningful impact in their communities and how they would change or improve the world, their countries and the role of youth in their communities. overall, the example of youth in this gaze open an optimistic, forward- looking at generation encompassing young of age and youth-minded individuals. They are comfortable with and enabled by technological progress and change, interested in engaging in local and global decision-making, and they are already having signifi houset impacts in their communities, countries, regions, and around the world. They want to be enlightened, they recognize spreadheads in their skills, and in many cases they c an cl primeval find out the needs of not just themselves but of their peers.The sample was respectful of the wisdom of the elders that have led them to where they are, but also ready and willing for the challenges that await them as they mature and discover the complexities of our global ecosystem. 2. Introduction Young people growth up today have far to a greater extent power and potential to create change than any previous generation of youth growing up. Much of this shift is a direct result of the information revolution and access to opportunities that have been allow ford to people of all ages, especially to those growing up in the information age. This report will discuss prevalent demographic and political trends, the nature of youth in todays global information society, and will provide reflections on the changing roles and responsibilities of youth in this new setting.A discussion concerning youth as stakeholders will look at how traditional perceptions of the role of you th as passive citizens, learners, employees, and consumers are actively challenged and questioned today. An empirical narrative providing background on my experiences or so relevant to this trend, moreover, will be shared to provide personal context to this research. Lastly, the results and key findings from a survey conducted on the Role of Youth will be shared. 2. 1 Demographic Force Young people are also an ever-growing demographic force. According to UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund), there are more than one one thousand million people amidst the ages of 15 and 24 on the planet. i In the developing world, where 80 percent of young people can be prime, youth live up to 70 percent of some nations peoples. ii In the United States of America, the baby blow up generations of the 1940s 1950s made possible the subsequent echo boom (those born among 1977 and 1997), of which todays young people are a substantial part 80+ million strongiii. 2. 2 Democracy on the Rise The tr ansformation of many authoritarian states to democracies (as shown in figure 1 below) has however improved and provided the es directial conditions and environment for young people to explore their interests, express themselves, take action on issues they care about, and access information. piciv As a result of the Internet, population growth, and rise of democratic societies, a new epitome in the role of young people is arrivening to emerge, resulting in the recognition of youth as citizens, students, employees and consumers.As many as 620 million people have access to the charitable race Wide Web and re latelyd information and communications technologies (ICTs) worldwide, with the majority of Internet users based in the non-English-speaking countries. v English comprises 36. 5 percent (230. 6 million) of the world online population language, tour the non-English-speaking world represents 63. 9 percent (403. 5 million). vi According to 2000 statistics from Forrester Research, 56 percent of 16-22 year-olds are online in the United States. They spend an average of 9 hours online, 38 percent more than the average wired adult and are heterogeneous in a wider variety of online activities compared to adults 20 percent more. vii The alike(p) survey found the majority of Internet users in the United States to be in the 18-49 age-group (63 percent), with only 37 percent of users in the 50+ age-group. viii 2. 3 Culture of Leadership The culture of leadershiphip for much of the twentieth century was influenced, and modeled after, centralize complex body parts of governance and rigid forms of authority. The onset of the Industrial Revolution unleashed a series of uncontested norms and universally-accepted orthodoxies that associated centralized management systems and constant decision-making with effective leadership. The social consequences of mass production and centralized management of many industries reduced the traditional family into solitary unit of pr oduction.As observed by one of the foremost theorists of management theory, Peter F. Drucker, the massive standardization of production methods and operating procedures (machine bureaucracy) also served to loosen the some conventional familial characteristics, ultimately culminating into the crisis of the family On the farm and in the artisans conveyshop husband, wife, and children worked unitedly. The factory, almost for the first time in history, took worker and work out of the basis and moved them into the workplace, divergence family members behind whether spouses of adult factory workers or, especially in the early stages, parents of child factory workers. ixThis centralized view of management in latter half of the late(prenominal) century, however, gradually conceded to more diffused and informal structures of governance as more theorists and practitioners arrived at the mutual conclusion that the better a business firm organization is organized, the more naturally deci sion rights gravitate to the spot where the best information is available about the specific decision that has to be made. x The emergence, and mainstream influence of, the Internet in the ancient decade, moreover, has had a profound impact on the way a given society manages its daily affairs socially, politically, and economically bringing with it new, and never-before-heard-of industries, such as biotechnology and IT telecommunications.Whereas we may make the case that the rigid structures of the industrial age had a number of indirect negative impacts on families as a result of its tension on standardization and mass production, many believe that the information age, with its focus on integration and wide-scale distribution of information, has served the family by highlighting the enormousness of local communities and inter-cultural communication. xi at a lower place the centralized form of governance, and prior to the Information Revolution, those with the most power and experience effectively possessed a monopoly over access to sources of information, and, therefore, tended to act as leaders within their communities. The decision rights of the younger and more inexperienced people were virtually non- come throughent and often viewed as be connected to those of women and the less(prenominal) advantaged in the society.In many ways, this paradigm still persists today in the sense that young people are seen by many as having passive roles in society, such as the student who is there to learn rather than teach, the young employee who needs to do what he/she is told rather than provide a source of creative and innovative input, the consumer who is viewed as a target to influence rather than to truly support, the child who needs to learn how to grow up, and the citizen who is disengaged because he/she either cannot vote or is part of a population whose voice matters little. In addition, because young people (defined as those between the ages of 13-30) ar e at the frontlines of change from cosmos dependent on older generations to being independent, they have been especially vulnerable to external influences and often lack a sense of empowerment because they suffer from the lack of essential resources, and limited involvement in decision-making. 2. 4 A Shift in Power DynamicsThe emergence of the Internet and other ICTs (Information & Communication Technologies) has been a catalyst for change, especially within the context of shifting traditional power dynamics. Increasingly, leadership is based on effective networks of collaboration and experience-share-out. Transforming leadership strategies from what they were during much of the past century has, to state it mildly, a challenge for most organizations and companies. More comprehensive methods of governance, be it in the corporate world or the bureaucracy of the state, have been implemented in rescript to encourage, or project the ikon of, socially responsible behaviour. xii This transition, however, has almost been a foreign concept to youth growing up in the digital age.The advent of the Internet offered an opportunity to young people most of whom are much well-versed in using computers and digital devices than their parents generation to develop new virtual interests, relatively unknown and foreign to previous generations. This new medium no longer involved complex and rigid forms of management and communication that were associated with previous power-centric models of governance. The diffusion of the hierarchies and power structures also meant the decentralization of information and the formation of simple, and easily-managed, networks of people, accessible at the click of the mouse worldwide. In this new environment, sources of influence do not simply come from the top, but are godly or affected by the views, ideas and perspectives of many stakeholders who are affected by the decisions being made.Governments and other formal decision-making bodies have been challenged to hold higher aims of transparency and office in install to gain institutional cuss. Companies are increasely interested in what their employees, customers and general public think about their business practices and more and more aim to become more socially responsible in order to address the needs and concerns of their stakeholders. xiii Instantaneous access to information and online resources has enabled the common person make a contribution to organizations and society at large, while being able to demand a greater level of participation and involvement in decision-making.More than ever, young people growing up with technology have the opportunity to empower themselves using their unprecedented access to real-time information and knowledge sources that can be reach done ever-expanding social networks, new alliances, businesses, protests and advocacy campaigns, and websites expressing divergent views and perspectives. 2. 5 TakingITGlobal Online Communi ty and Vision The TakingITGlobal. org Online Community provides A pathway to support local action A platform for the voices of young people to be heard A framework for understand global challenges and issues A link to resources and opportunities A network of interesting, dynamic and various(a) young people A virtual space to showcase cross-cultural perspectives and expressions.In addition to engaging members of the online community, TakingITGlobal supports the needs of youth-led initiatives, educators and externalistic organizations through with(predicate) its thematic, groomingal and organizational escort strategies. TakingITGlobals 2010 Vision includes the following To realize the potential of at least 5 million young people as leaders for the benefit of their local and global communities. To bridge the continuity gap enhancing the effectiveness of youth action by connecting all major youth activities, events, programs and initiatives in a global network. To mainstr eam recognition that young people are key stakeholders in all national and international policy making. To produce the worlds most comprehensive and powerful knowledge resource pushing the boundaries of online community and technology as a tool for social empowerment. To instigate significant evolution in the present concepts of school-education by increasing global connection, meaningful use of ICTs (information, communication technologies) and inspiring student engagement. To demonstrate innovation, excellence, creativity and professionalism in the management of a new style of international organization that is entrepreneurial, technology-enhanced, and youth-driven. 2. 6 Youth Are Becoming More Engaged as Key Stakeholders When key stakeholders are brought together to share a visual modality for the future, it is critical to recognize that although most young people are unable to formally represent a business, government or non-profit institution as a key stakeholder, they do h ave the largest stake in the future and can often help to revive and refresh various perspectives being shared. Youth participation often requires changes in the way adults perceive and bring with adolescents, since the rights of young people and their capacities to make decisions for themselves are often unrecognized and undervalued. xiv Increasingly, institutions are recognizing the importance of bringing the voices of young people to the forefront. On a global level, there are numerous summits that have brought together various leaders and decision-makers and have included young people as a key stakeholder or major group. For example, as a participant at the World Summit on Sustainable knowledge (WSSD) held in Johannesburg, South Africa, I was part of what the United Nations considers to be a Major Group within the overall process of the summit along with women, native people, farmers, business etc.According to Agenda 21, involving each of the major groups in the decision-maki ng process was recognized as being a fundamental prerequisite for the achievement of sustainable emergencexv The Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development states that the process is inclusive of youth 34. We are in agreement that this mustiness be an inclusive process, involving all the major groups and Governments that get ind in the historic Johannesburg 170. Promote and support youth participation in programmes and activities relating to sustainable development through, for example, supporting local youth councils or their equivalent, and by encouraging their establishment where they do not By promoting, supporting and involving youth as a major group, a statement is made about the importance of recognizing youth as key stakeholders.At the recent World Summit on the Information Society Preparatory Meetings which have been held in Geneva, Switzerland, the Youth assemble is one of the strongest and most active groups, participating in the process alongside governmen t, industry and other NGO groupings. 2. 7 Youth as Engaged Citizens On a national level, one of the basic conditions of a healthy democracy is having a population that votes. However, those under 18 are unable to act and not effectively inspired to vote once theyre able to, which has been leading to a large decline in youth voter turnout. In the US, only 60% of eligible voters under 25 have registered, and only 24% of those eligible to vote and over 20 say they unendingly vote during elections. At the same time, many young people are civically engaged in many other ways 40% of U. S. outh 14-24 have volunteered, 38% have participated in a boycott, and 44% have done some type of fundraising for charity, all within the last year. xvi There is a need to increase awareness and trust in political process, while also validating and supporting other forms of civic participation. There are a growing number of regional, national, and local youth councils and networks sprouting up due to i nterest, support, and demand. Increasingly, variant youth councils are streng thusing their efforts through forging more partnerships and raising their profile. An example of this is the European Youth Forum, a platform organization, it is the representative body for its members towards the institutions and partners active in the youth field.The 89 member organizations of the European Youth Forum represent a wide lead of interests student organizations, political organizations, organizations concerned with environmental protection, minorities, young rural organizations, conscripts organizations and many more. The European Youth Forum has member organizations including both national youth organizations and international youth organizations, drawn from throughout the European continent. The highest decision-making body is the General Assembly, which elects a Bureau made up of volunteers every two years. The Bureau meets monthly to assess political priorities, implement its work plan and advises the Secretariat in its work. xvii Increasingly, youth councils are being formed and streng pasted in order to provide opportunities for young people to have a stronger voice. 2. 8 From Student to TeacherDue to the rapid revolution in Information and Communication Technologies over the last decade, young people growing up as these technologies evolved have become innately comfortable using them, and have become neighborhood authorities on computer technologies. As the education system began to introduce computers in the classroom, young people were often frustrated as they were forced to re-learn skills they already had developed, such as BASIC programming and keyboarding. Over time, students expertise with technology has become accepted by teachers, and a variety of programs, such as Generation YES, have been developed to harness the skills and enthusiasm of students for technology to assist teachers in more meaningfully integrating it into the classroom. Young people a re also learning from a wide variety of sources, and are increasingly deriving knowledge from their peers and non-school sources.As Don Tapscott cites in his 1998 book Growing Up Digital, many young people growing up in the late 80s and early 90s have learned basic skills from educational software like Reader Rabbit and video games. Thanks to online communication tools like ICQ, students are able to collaborate in real-time with their friends and peers across town or across the ocean, and share knowledge and ideas with each other. each told, this quantitys to quite a challenge for the average teacher to cope with a variety of students all with varying levels of technology access and external influences as early as junior kindergarten Of course, to meet the needs of these wired students as they progressed through the school system, Universities began to experiment with online course delivery and some now offer cope degree programs using a combination of ICTs.The role of a teache r has also evolved in these situations to more of a mentor and coach as needed, versus needing to hand-hold students through courses, enabling them to provide maximum value in supporting the course content versus needing to focus on content delivery. This generation of youth also enjoys sharing opinions and teachers cant escape Websites like RateYourTeacher. com and RateMyProfessor. com showcase the ratings of teachers by thousands of students, opening up the previously untouchable teacher relationship to transparent feedback and criticism by consumer students. 2. 9 Young Employees as a Source of Innovation There are a variety of implications for human resource departments in companies and organizations as they begin to hire and integrate new talent into their workforce.Because there is a large population of youth who are entering the workforce and who carry a race of unique skills and perspectives (especially technology-related), the existing strategies that attempt to draw, ret ain and develop the next generation of talent need to adapt to a different set of needs, expectations and opportunities. Young employees, especially those doing internships, can provide an incredible source of innovation, entrepreneurial spirit and creative potential. In an organization where having many years of experience is valued, young people can be an overlooked, untapped resource. In the context of trying to solve problems in new ways, it is important to engage those who have not yet been institutionalized and are unfamiliar with the way that things have always been done.It is critical for organizations to develop new strategies that can allow them to more meaningfully involve young people in both problem-solving and decision-making processes, in order to respond to the complex and evolving organizational challenges being faced. As it was mentioned above, the onset of the Information Revolution, coupled with the period of massive decentralization across-industries, had a prof ound impact on the way young people identify with the work environment. In the knowledge-based industries, rigid and strict structures of the past are largely associated with inefficiency, and are largely thought of as counterproductive to personal development.Having grown up with this mindset, young peoples perceptions toward decision-making and effective problem-solving are in the main derived from their experiences in the digital world, where interaction and cellular inclusion of perspectives are essential, if not required, for achieving common goals. Therefore, in dealing with this new technologically-empowered demographic, new knowledge-based industries will have to reinvent many of the old approaches toward this new generation. This, in fact, centre that they (industries) would have to appeal to their knowledge-workers by satisfying their values, and by giving them social recognition and social power which they have grown accustomed to. xviii 2. 10 The Interactive ConsumerDu e to the nature of the Internet as a medium which allows for and is based upon networks and interactions, young consumers have the opportunity to be creators of media and content rather than simply consume what is produced for them. institutionalize technology, like television, is hierarchical. It depends upon a top-down distribution system. Someone somewhere decides what will be broadcast and our role is limited to what we choose or do not choose to watch. There is no direct feedback from the viewer to the broadcasterThe internet depends upon a distributed, or shared, delivery system rather than a hierarchical one. The distributed, or shared, power is at the heart of the culture of interaction. xix (p79)Due to the nature of the medium that young people are enabled by, they are able to demand a greater level of information, interactivity and involvement when it comes to products, services and the overall customer experience. Shopping comparison websites such as MySimon. com and Buy Buddy. com allow for intelligent and informed purchasing decisions to be made based on product-reviews and price comparisons. As a result, consumers are more empowered and can make more informed purchasing decisions. The Internet has provided other opportunities for consumers to be empowered by providing a vehicle for complaints to be expressed to large numbers of people. An example of this includes websites that are developed to discuss how a particular partnership sucks. Many URLs have been purchased that say CompanyNameSucks. om and provide an avenue for disgruntled customers to share their complaints and concerns. Over half (55%) of survey respondents report boycotting a caller or product at some point in their life, with 38 percent saying they have used their stick as a consumer in the past 12 months. And boycotting buying a product or service because they like the social or political values of the company which produces it is only slenderly less prevalent. Just under half (45%) report having done so at some point in their life, while 35 percent have used the consumer carrot in the past 12 months. xx Bad experiences for unhappy customers can quickly become devastating experiences for a companys image.This demonstrates that consumers have the opportunity to become more engaged and influential through the opportunities for interaction that the Internet provides. Because 85% of teens in Canada have Internet access and are online for over 9 hours per weekxxi, young people are especially in a position to become empowered consumers, as they frequently and simultaneously combine the process of learning, working, and play/entertainment, allowing them to constantly observe and share opinions and best practices. 2. 11 The Need for a Holistic Perspective on Youth as Stakeholders While looking through various reports, studies, books and other secondary sources all of which offer a variety of insights related to the interests, needs and experiences of young peop le, a clear research gap became evident.Much of the research that exists on young people does not involve a global perspective, and often focuses on youth in the context of consumers in order to support business decisions, or youth who are at risk and are a segment of the population vulnerable to a variety of social problems. Rarely are youth examined in the context of having the potential to be agents of change, problem-solvers, or leaders of the information society. In addition, major studies do not involve youth in the process of survey design, which can affect the potential bias of the research. In trying to examine if and how the role of young people has changed as a result of technology, the need for a unique study involving youth leaders and influencers from around the world who have access to technology became clear. 3. Role of Youth Survey ObjectivesIn order to gain a deeper understanding of how the role of young people is up-to-dately perceived and how it has changed over the last 100 years, a survey was designed to explore the following Defining Youth ? How is youth defined? Are notions of youth associated with positive or negative connotations? What are key differences between the perceptions of youth vs. perceptions of adults? Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Youth ? Is this generation of youth perceived to be enabled and engaged or disadvantaged and disengaged? Are they optimistic or pessimistic about the future? What other perceptions and attitudes towards youth exist and are there regional differences? Participation in Decision-Making ? How important is it for young people to be involved in decision-making?What is the current perceived level of youth participation in decision-making on local, national and global levels? The Role of Technology ? Has technology played a role in transforming the role of youth in society at large and within different organizations and institutions? What impact has technology had in transforming the role of youth? Youth As Change Agents ? Are there interesting examples of young people having a meaningful impact in their communities? If so, what factors appear to enable this to take place? What are the hopes and ideals held by todays generation of youth leaders? What recommendations can be offered in terms of the conditions that must exist for youth to become leaders? 4. Role of Youth Survey MethodologyThe following is an Overview of the Survey Questions Demographic Information for people to fill out their gender, date of birth, city, country, educational background, employment stance, volunteer status and Internet usage. Defining Youth open-ended questions about what images and phrases come to mind when they hear the word youth and adult and a question asking how youth is defined. Key Issues and Interests participants were asked to identify the key issues and interests of youth in their community. They had to select from drop-down lists and rank the top 3 in order of priority. Words include d Arts, Business/Entrepreneurship, Community, Education, Employment,Environment, Friends, Fundraising, Globalization, Health, human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS, Human Rights, Leadership, Media, Music, Peace, Political Action, Religion, Romance, Sports, Sustainable Development, Technology, Travel, Volunteering, War. Attitudinal Characteristics respondents were asked to rate 14 statements related to whether or not people agreed or disagreed with statements about youth on a scale of 1-5. Statements explored whether or not youth are perceived to be motivated, connected to opportunities, knowledgeable, inspired, informed, skilled, interested in being involved, focused, influenced by consumer culture, supported or absent support from adults, optimistic or pessimistic.Additional questions about education and age were asked. Role of Youth Today participants were asked to give their opinion on the role of youth in their community. They had to select from drop-down lists and rank the to p 3 in order of priority. Words included Students, Workers, Members, Mentors, Trend-Setters, Activists, Citizens, Victims, Leaders, Criminals, Technologists, Volunteers, Artists, Role Models, Soldiers, Children, Innovators, Peace-keepers, Consumers, Trouble-makers, Employees, Entrepreneurs Participation in Decision-Making a question about the importance of being able to participate in decision-king was asked (on a scale of 1-5).The second part of this question asked how involved young people are in decision-making on local, national and global levels for Business, Government and Non-Profit Organizations. Meaningful Impact participants were asked to identify an example of how a youth within their community was effective at having a meaningful impact. Role of Youth Historically respondents were asked to identify whether or not the role of youth has changed over the past 100 years, and if so, has it been positive or negative. The response was based on a scale of 1-5. They then explain ed their response. Impact of Technology respondents were asked to identify whether or not technology impacted youth in their community, and if so, if the impact has been positive or negative.They were given a scale of 1-5 and were then asked to explain their answer. Creating Change A series of open-ended questions were asked about how survey respondents would create change in the world, their country, and the role of youth in their community, along with what conditions need to exist for youth to become leaders 4. 1 Promotion of Survey On December 23, 2002, the survey was sent out to over 15,000 people from over 190 countries. There were a variety of ways in which the survey was promoted. An automated, personalized e-mail was sent out to all members of the TakingITGlobal online community (which included over 13,000 people from over 190 countries at the time).The e-mail explained that as a valued member of TakingITGlobal, they were invited to participate in an online survey to help de termine their view on the role of youth in society. The e-mail stated that it would take approximately 10 minutes to complete and that all of the information shared would be kept confidential and anonymous (meaning that their name would not be used without their permission). Although the survey was all told voluntary, an incentive for participating included having their name entered into a draw to win TIG t-shirts and mouse pads. In addition, each survey respondent would receive a free electronic copy of the final results once compiled.All survey participants were given until January 21st 2003 (approximately 4 weeks) to fill out the survey. In order to avoid an overwhelming amount of replies to the e-mail, the letter was signed from TakingITGlobals Research Team as opposed to coming from a specific individual. A modified version of the e-mail invitation to participate in the Role of Youth Survey was created and sent out to all of the organizations listed in the TakingITGlobal organ izations informationbase (over 1,000), along with youth mailing lists for various organizations and youth caucuses, and other personal networks. People were invited to pass the information along and invite others to participate in the survey.In order to maintain high levels of integrity, survey participants did not need to become a member of TakingITGlobal in order to fill out the survey, and did not need to fill out their name. If they were interested in receiving a copy of the final results, they were invited to provide their e-mail address. It is important to note that due to the nature of how the survey was promoted, all survey respondents have access to the Internet and are connected to existing networks that attract youth who are engaged. Thus, there exists some bias in the sample of survey respondents. In addition, there was no age restriction in order to participate which means that people of all ages were invited to fill out the survey, which was done for the purposes of c omparison between different age groups.The views, opinions and perspectives that have emerged as a result of the survey findings are not a re presentation of international youth in its entirety, but rather, a reflection from a targeted sample of engaged youth who have some access to the Internet and are able to read and write English. With this in mind, based on the goals and objectives of this study, it is an appropriate audience to survey as the focus is on trying to better understand the views and perspectives of youth who have access to technology. If there were greater resources available for this study, an offline component would exist and the survey would also be made available in multiple languages. This may be something to consider as a follow-up opportunity in the future.Once the survey responses were sent in through the online survey application, Martin Kuplens-Ewart exported the compiled responses into various files for analysis. The quantitative responses were sent in S PSS format for graphs and frequency tables to be generated. The extensive qualitative responses were formatted and printed in charts and tables. 4. 2 Analysis of Survey Results The process of analyzing the survey data was far more extensive, complex, lengthy and overwhelming than what was initially expected. A variety of people were involved as part of the research team in order to assist in the initial process of compiling, reviewing and making sense of various sections of the survey.A special thanks goes to Noor Alibhai, Jacob Bleakley, Hugh Switzer and Huss Banai who were all part of the research team at TakingITGlobal. Much of their involvement was in the initial phase of reviewing the thousands of responses which were given for the various qualitative questions. They helped sort responses into various categories and tallied up equivalent responses in order to generate graphs which provide a glimpse at the nature of the responses. Once initial pie charts were generated, the res ults were discussed as a team and I was able to continue advertise analysis. The following is an overall break-down of the data analysis process ? Phase 1 PowerPoint Presentation Including Initial GraphsThe program used to analyze the quantitative survey results was the SPSS Educational Version. after(prenominal) an initial tutorial session with Joseph Amati who has a lot of experience in working with SPSS, a 44 page PowerPoint presentation was put together with support from Noor, which included graphs for each of the survey questions. The deck of slides was presented to advisors for feedback. The key learning was that all the labels which included N/A or 0 as the description needed to either be removed or modified. In most cases, the information provided by this column was one that reduced the eccentric and overall effectiveness of the graphs. This decision meant that all the graphs needed to be regenerated.Various other lessons were learned including analysis of frequency tabl es. ? Phase 2 Regional and Age Break-Down of Graphs by and by a great deal of experimentation and technical support from Martin at TIG, appropriate labels were modified and new forms of categorization was implemented within the survey file to allow the data to be sorted by region and age. Graphs were regenerated for each of the questions in order to include the appropriate break-down. All of the new graphs compiled were put together in a Final Results word document. Since Microsoft Word and SPSS are not entirely compatible, a lot of time was wasted in regenerating and reformatting new graphs for the final results document.In addition, certain graphs involved greater levels of complexity. Those questions which asked survey respondents to rank address on order of priority involved three sets of data which had to be added up in Excel prior to being able to generate the graph. Appropriate steps were taken to generate these graphs for global and regional responses. ? Phase 3 soft Re sults Initial Categorization of Responses ? In total, the survey involved over 10 open-ended qualitative questions which each had their set of over 1,000 responses per question. The overwhelming amount of data collected through these questions involved extensive hours of interpretation and results compilation.The first phase of this process involved a team of researchers from TakingITGlobal tackling a specific question and developing different categories for the responses based on frequent responses. The categories established are quite subjective and as different people were involved in the process, certain categories were modified. Initially, a larger other or inapplicable section existed for the various categories. A second review of questions involved breaking-down the other responses into further sub-categories in attempt to further identify key patterns and occurrences. In addition to categorizing responses and generating pie graphs in Excel to reflect the overall responses, a series of summaries were created for each of the qualitative questions.Each summary included a description of the form identified and a general overview of the responses that were placed in the category. Beneath the description included a few selected quotes which offered a general idea of the types of responses included within the identified category. A variety of challenges were encountered throughout this process, including the fact that many responses could have easily been placed in multiple categories. To adequately deal with this challenge, in the final tally, they were often placed in both categories and the total number increased. In the final graphs, the other category has been removed from the pie chart in order to leave room for smaller categories which emerged from the initial other category.Rather than view the final pie charts as conclusive or statistically accurate, it is important to see them from the perspective of general categories of responses from highest to lowest frequency. ? Phase 4 Advice, Suggestions and Feedback from Advisors The compiled graphs for quantitative results and qualitative survey results summary pages became the first version of the Final Results document which was 60 pages. This document was then shared with a variety of advisors including Robert Bernard and Shelly Smith from DCODE, a strategy and market research firm based in Toronto. A variety of suggestions and recommendation were provided by D*CODE in order to strengthen the overall impact of the survey results. Many lessons were learned through the feedback shared.Some of the advice was integrated however after then speaking to my academic advisor, I was able to distinguish which changes were most appropriate to make for the purposes of my final report. One of the suggestions made included grouping the age categories other than in order to have fewer categories. The suggested age groupings include 14-19, 20-24, 25-30 and 31+. This proposed grouping addresses a few issues. Since there is a very small sample under the age of 14, it eliminates their responses from the results. Since youth is defined as up to the age of 31 and there are a smaller number of respondents over the age of 31, it helps to create one category of adult or the purposes of comparison. This change was not made due to time cons stipulatets and in order to avoid over-simplifying the results. Another suggestion included removing the neutral responses from graphs and clumping the somewhat and very categories together. Although this would have helped to provide clearer contrast between how the responses were weighted, it would have also reduced opportunities of noticing situations where many people were neutral, which is an manifestation in itself. In reviewing the charts which identify the top issues and concerns of youth, D*CODE suggested that it would be helpful to have them listed from the highest to lowest priority.Additional tables were created which identify the top 10 issues in each region in order of highest to lowest. In addition, percentages were added on existing bar graphs. Another major distinction was made between what was necessary to include in the results compared to the discussion about the results. The results of the survey are presented in the order that the questions were asked. Each graph includes a brief description. The discussion of the results is categorized in a way that makes the most overall sense, especially in terms of the flow. In addition, only the most interesting patterns, trends and observations are highlighted in the discussion about the results. ? Phase 5 In-Depth Reflection and Analysis of Qualitative ResponsesThe amount of qualitative responses meant that several passes at reviewing the data were necessary. Members of the research team who were initially involved with analyzing particular questions were involved in a discussion about the results and each had an opportunity to present their findings to one anot her in front of an audience of other TakingITGlobal staff members. As a group, general patterns and trends were discussed and further areas of exploration were identified. After that, I spent quite some time re-reading and reviewing all of the raw qualitative results along with survey summaries. I tried to extract patterns and conclusions from the categories f responses, to better explain the impact of the data. A variety of new charts and summaries were developed for questions based on an additional review through the various responses to qualitative questions. These were then shared with a few other groups of people for feedback. ? Phase 6 Written Descriptions for All Graphs Presented in Final Results After evaluating the many graphs included in the report, I looked through the data in greater detail and produced written descriptions to accompany the graphs, both to provide additional information and insight, but also to help the reader more quickly discover the wealth of data ea ch chart had to communicate.Throughout this process, certain graphs were regenerated in order to further improve the quality of labels, the ability to view responses from both age and regional break-downs, and to include percentages where appropriate on selected graphs. ? Phase 7 Review Final Results for Key Findings ? With the final compilation of updated graphs, descriptions and survey response summaries, a comprehensive overview of the Final Results document took place. With the editing assistance of Hussein Banai and Michael Furdyk, this final report was created. 4. 3 Demographic Profile of Survey Respondents Region The Role of Youth Survey involved a total sample of 1443 respondents from 126 countries. The majority of respondents reside in North America (29. %) and Africa (27. 4%). There were 16. 9% of respondents from Asia and the Middle East, 14. 3% of respondents from Europe, 7. 1% from Oceania and 4. 3% from South and Central America. Gender A higher number of respondents were male (58. 7%) compared to female (38. 7%). There were notably more female respondents compared to male respondents in North America and Oceania, whereas in Africa, there were a greater number of male participants. This may be because it is less culturally appropriate for women to have access to computers in Africa. Age A larger number of survey respondents were under the age of 30 (75%) compared to those who are age 30 and over (25%).This is likely because the survey was about youth and was promoted throughout many networks that are specifically mean to connect youth. The average age (mean) of the sample was 26 years old. Employment Status The majority of survey respondents are currently employed (63. 7%), while 36. 4% are unemployed. Many of those who identified themselves as unemployed are in the under 25 age-group, while those with a job are mainly in the 26 and up age category. Volunteer Status There was a relatively even number of respondents who identify themselves as vo lunteers (53%) compared to non-volunteers (47%). There were more volunteers in the under 30 age category compared to the 31 and up age category.Educational Status and Background Only 40% of the respondents identify themselves as students compared to 59% of respondents who are not currently students. The are a higher number of respondents who identify themselves as students in the 16-20 age category. The survey sample is fairly educated in the sense that they are literate, they are able to speak and write in English (many also speak other languages fluently), and a large number of respondents have completed primary and secondary education. 55. 2% of respondents have completed or are attending University or College and 20. 9% of respondents have completed or are pursing Post Graduate Studies.Online Activity All survey respondents have basic access to the Internet, whether it be through an Internet cafe, library, school, work or home computer. 46% of the respondents stated that they ar e online between 1-10 hours per week. 22. 9% of respondents are online between 11-20 hours and 24. 5% are online for more than 21 hours each week. When asked what they do online, they key reoccurring themes involved communication, research & information searching (including working on projects and employment), music, games & entertainment. The following is a summary of the major online activities respondents are involved in Communication Almost every response made reference to checking e-mail, if not instant messaging and/or chat room use. Research and informationMost users identified reading various newspapers, searching background information on their interests and using online information resources to aid completion of their work and/or homework as frequent uses. Work on projects, employment Work was often cited as NGO involvement, general employment and the development and maintenance of personal web-pages. Music, games and entertainment On-line time is shared among downloa ding music, playacting games and generally related to any other media/entertainment purposes. 5. Defining Youth In looking at how the concept youth is defined, there are different notions and interpretations that can be grouped into three major areas.The most common conceptions present youth in the context of having bountiful energy, a sense of leadership, rarity and vision for the future. Period of the life when we are still dreaming tell a 30-year-old male, Skopje, Macedonia. Just over half of the survey respondents expressed that youth is defined by the age of a person with most of the respondents in the 13-30 age-group. The next major interpretation of how youth are defined was expressed through various personality characteristics and outlooks on life. Vivacious, full of energy, want to make a mark in life, impulsive and one who are not scared to take risks state a 19-year-old female, Pune, India. Many descriptions shared by survey respondents clearly define youth in a positi ve and idealistic light.The third major category defining youth focuses on the particular life stage that people are situated in while in transition from being dependents to being independent. A person who is starting to enjoy freedom for the first time said a 26-year-old male, Harare, Zimbabwe. A key theme that is frequently repeated throughout this stage of transition is the freedom and lack of constraints that exist compared to older adults who are weighed down by greater responsibilities and societal pressures. Societal institutions develop various mechanisms to train and nurture the development of young people who are at a life stage that allows them to be open-minded, free-spirited, creative and imaginative.There exists a clear correlation between the social conditioning of young people who need to prepare to become adults and the aspirations of adults to re-connect with their youthful creative energy in an age where creativity and innovation are highly valued and a scarce res ource in large bureaucratic institutions. However, there is both a strong contrast and a connection that exists between notions of youth and adult. A common thread is that both involve age as part of the definition. The following chart highlights the contrast that exists between the most frequent expressions that emerged in response to the questions What words, images and phrases come to mind when you hear the word youth and then asked the same question for adult Associations with the word Youth Associations with the word Adult Lack wisdom, need guidance Caregivers, Standard Setters Dreamers, Visionary, Hope for the Future Critical, Dream-Killers, Few Idealists Freedom, Experimentation, Playfulness Burdened, Busy, Responsibilities Open-Minded, Flexible, Innovative Rigid-Thinking, Stuck, Conservative Rebellious, Free-spirited Professional and traditional Innocence, Naive, possible Greedy,Corrupt, Selfish Disadvantaged, Vulnerable, Unheard Voice Decision-Makers, Positions of Authority In reflecting on the nature of the responses to this question, it is important to note that the overall perceptions of adults are negative compared to perceptions of youth. This bias may exist as a result of the sample size which involved 75% of people under the age of 30. It is possible if more adults were surveyed, especially those adults who are less involved and connected to youth networks, there may have been more negative categories for youth. It is also important to keep in mind that certain words and phrases can have both a positive and negative interpretation.For example, depending on the context of the situation, being rebellious can be seen as something that involves creating trouble or struggling towards positive change. Being a dreamer may imply that one has a strong sense of imagination while at the same time, having the potential of being caught up in a fantasy which is never actualized. A variety of the characteristics which describe adults involve ideals which youth often aspire towards attaining such as being a decision-maker or someone in a position of authority. These are perceived attitudes however there may be more instances where adults feel powerless and that they are not in a position to make decisions. This may help to explain the sense that people have of adults being busy and burdened with responsibilities.Overall, there appears to be an interesting generational relationship and potential communication gap that exists which involves both tension and aspiration. The survey results suggest that youth can be a great source of energy, vision, hope and potential, while at the same time being vulnerable, voiceless and rebellious. The results also demonstrate that although adults can be conservative, critical and rigid in their thinking, ultimately, they are relied on as care-givers, decision-makers and sources of knowledge and authority. The challenge for youth is to find their voice and become empowered without losing their s ense of spirit and optimism.The challenge for adults is in finding ways to handle increasing amounts of responsibility and power in a way that doesnt exclude, ignore or disengage youth, while also reconnecting their own sense of youth. While exploring and more deeply understanding the role of young people in the context of todays society, it is important to note that generational barriers have existed and persisted throughout the course of history. It is possible that this generation of youth will have greater opportunities to empower themselves to have a voice as a result of the many forums which are emerging, however it is also clear that there is still a lot of work that needs to be done in order to allow for positive intergenerational partnership.When we asked the survey respondents to identify the role that they saw youth having within their communities, the most common response across all regions was youth having the role of the student. This makes sense for a variety of reaso ns. Those participating in the survey are either currently students or have graduated and feel that since a great deal of time as a young person is spent on learning, whether it be in school or in other contexts such as the home or workplace, it is appropriate that the roleRole of YouthThe role of youth in realising the dreams of Dr. Kalam Dream, dream, dream, your dreams will transform into thoughts, thoughts lead to honest work, work results in action and you will succeed has been rightly said by Dr. Abul Pakir Jainul Abideen Abdul Kalam. Dreams can be fulfil by youth as they have commitment to action. To quote Jean Ingelow Youth Youth How buoyant are the hopes they turn, Like marigolds, towards the sunny side.Students life is meant for studies to become true and responsible citizens, formidable leaders and esteemed legislators as India entails such intellectually alert and adroit disciples. A nation of disciplined youth can travel in the path of progress. They play a crucial man tle in the endeavours for equality and justice. They must assimilate from the very beginning- the lessons of self-help, self-reliance and self-sacrifice. Youth should be jawans and take up arms against the corrupted people and spill the beans on to the public so as no person ever never has the nerve to indulge in any illegal activities.As sizeable part of Indians are unscholarly and backward who are unknown regarding the new-fangled evolutions, the allegiance falls on us to empower and bring perception to them with latest trends, technologies and scientific inventions. As Shankaracharya says, The springs of patriotism are deep rooted in Indians, we should show it beyond the desire. Janani janma bhoomischa swargad api gariyasi said lord Sri Rama to Lakshmana when the latter, attracted by the opulence of Lanka, expressed an ardent desire to settle down there. Your mother land, great or not, are forsooth greater than a paradise. Hence, we should comprehend that our mother land is the only place where we can reach maximum glory and recognition. We should also look for jobs within the country and strive for its progress. We must play a paramount role in safeguarding our country by involving ourselves in politics. We are the best judges as we have mentally grow minds to differentiate between good and bad which is prevailing in the society.India being the country of many races, languages, religions and beliefs we should have unity. Thus, said Mark Twain India is the cradle of human race, the birth place of human speech, the mother of human history, the grandmother of legend and the great grandmother of tradition. But despite of this diversity the social structure there has been an unstable unity and affinity which had bound the people of this vast country into a well-knit nation throughout its chequered history.The requisite of maintaining this unity in diversity and national integration is all the more indispensable. We should make people inculcate the ideal One f lag, one nation, one land, one hand, one heart, evermore which eventually leads the country to the pinnacle of success. Women constitute the most pivotal role for the upliftment of our country. The strength of our country depends on them. Next to God we are obligated(predicate) to women first for life itself and then for making it worth living. We should accept equal participation of women in all fields to make the country economically amiable. We should all create a nation which is one of the best places to live in and which brings smiles to the billion faces and also to realize the dreams of our former President, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, a dynamic and versatile person. Therefore, always be ready to walk in the unexplored path as to succeed in life everyone must understand and master three mighty forces- desire, belief and expectation.

Who Is Katherina Minola

Saunders 1 Kim Saunders 18 April 2013 Katharine the crust A title for a maid of all titles the worst. Grimier Who is Katherine manila paper? As I sit down pick uping to the first read thru of Taming of the Shrew I started hearing answers to this movement, through the descriptive words of the other characters. The words were not complimentary. This led to my next question Why is she perceived this way and is it true? This complicated lady I was about to play shows her true nature in her own words (if you listen closely) The story is that of the wealthy Manila family.Senor Baptists has 2 daughters Katherine the eldest who is known for her bad temper and sharp tongue and the youngest Bianca known for her viewer and sweet nature. Bianca has several suitors plainly Baptists will not allow her marry till the eldest is married first. Enter Epithetic a friend of one of the suitors who is facial expression for a wealthy cleaning lady to marry. This is the main plot with a subplot where the various suitors for Bananas hand vie for her affection. Saunders 2 The first thing I noticed was the lack of a mother.It is left to the actors and film director to decide how long the mother has been dead. This would leave Katherine with the responsibility of the household as well as the rearing of the younger sister. besides in military personnely households when a younger child is born the elder child feels abandoned and acts out. If the younger child has a more moderate temperament that might cause a parent to become more distant from the one acting out and it becomes a vicious cycle. We see how others (mostly men) see Katherine through their conversation. Grimier calls her a fiend of infernal region and says shes too rough for me.He also does not believe anyone could love her as he says in these next 2 statements. L say, a devil, any man is so very a fool to be married to hell? and l had as life take her dowry with this condition, to be whipped at the spicy cross every morning. Horniness confirms this when he tells her no mates for you, unless you were of gentler, milder mucous. He also calls her a devil and though he believes someone will marry her it is only for her cash as in this statement though it pass your patience and mine to endure her them, would take her with all faults, and money enough.To add insult to injury Gatherings own father calls her thou welding of a devilish spirit and at our first eating of this family we call up Baptists trying to foist Katherine onto one of Bananas suitors in this quote Saunders 3 Gentlemen, importune me no farther, For how I firmly am resolved you know That is, not lead my youngest daughter Before I have a husband for the elder If either of you both love Katharine, Because I know you well and love you well, cave in shall you have to court her at your pleasure. Katherine expresses Jealousy about her fathers treatment of her sister Katherine What, will you not suffer me? Nay, now I see she is your tre asure Also the fact that he rosier about Bananas studies when he desires to hire schoolmasters for her but neglects to mention Katherine. Later in the story Epithetic compliments her, something she is not used to and proposes to her. Epithetic Thy virtues spoke of, and thy beauty sounded, Yet not so deeply as to thee belongs, Myself am moved to woo thee for my wife.And Saunders 4 I am a husband for your turn For, by this light, whereby I see thy beauty, Thy beauty, that doth make me like thee well, Thou must be married to no man but me He is also able to postponement up with her quick mind and a flirtation develops between hose two. Gatherings intelligence and quick wit are evident throughout in the apposite verbal exchanges and repartee between them. This is most evident in Act 2 scene 1 . EPITHETIC KATHARINE Moved N good time let him that moved you hither Remove you hence I knew you at the first You were a movable. Why, whats a movable? Thou hast hit it come, sit on me. Katherin e is looking for love as well as a way out of her current situation. If this were not true why in act 3 SC 1 would she be waiting for him on the day they are to be married in wedding attire and so distraught? Saunders 5 Katherine Manila is a perceptive, clever and shrewd woman. She is emotional and responsive to others around her.Due to circumstances within the family structure she has armed herself with a wall of antagonism and resentment and uses her impetuous behavior to keep everyone removed from her. She has withstood deprivation from her family and her desire for affection, appreciation and respect will continue until someone can see past this barricade she has constructed. plant life Cited Morris, Brian. The Taming of the Shrew The Arden Shakespeare, Britain, Methuen & Co. Ltd. 1997 print Bloom, Harold.

The Contributions of Women

Psychological Testing Movement The Contributions of Women Robin Kelly-Dunton California State University, Sacramento In investigating the origins of the Psychological testing movement what I found closely fascinating is the originality, strength, brilliance, and sheer talent of the women whom contributed to this era. It was interesting to find come forth the key roles dissimilar women played in the shaping of testing, development and applied methods in psychological test.A prime example of the various contributions women made to the testing movement is the Draw-A-Man Test alike referred to as the Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test (Schultz, 2012 p. 72) which was developed by Florence Goodenough who received her doctorate from Stanford University in the early twentieth century. The test design was essential in assessing the experience quotients for children. What made this IQ examination unique is that it presented a non-verbal format in which children could identify and respond to e ven with their limited language ability.Goodenoughs reputation certainly surpassed her public figure in that she perform exceptional toy at the Institute of Child Development at the University of Minnesota for over twenty years and during this time she create a detailed review of the sychological testing movement and several books on child psychology. Another unique women of this period was Thelma Gwinn Thurstone who because of the discrimination of the era was forced to work on her husbands L. L.Thurstones projects because any published work by her would be dismissed by the zeitgeist of the day. What I found amazing was that she actually helped develop the Primary amiable Abilities test battery, which was a group of parole test and she went on to become a professor of education at the University of North Carolina and director of the Psychometric science laboratory their. In fact, when her husband commented on her abilities he was sure to call her a genius in test construction (Schultz, 2012 p. 172).I was especially proud to read of the successes and contributions of brainpower Cattell the daughter ot James Cattell who would not invest in ner college education because he thought that she was not smart enough (Schultz, 2012, p. 172). Psyche Cattells name was far from her uniquest flavour for she went on to receive a Ph. D. from Harvard University and from there worked to extend the age range of the Stanford-Binet test downward with the Cattell Infant Intelligence Scale. This test was utilized to test the intelligence of infants as early as three months.The courage of Anne Anastasi was quite inspirational who based the principle of her success on the fact that cervical cancer which turn over her at twenty five a year into her marriage left her sterile and childish. Because she escaped the primary role of motherhood almost commanded upon by most married women of her generation she was able to focus on developing herself as a psychologist. Anastasia estab lished herself in the field with a long calling out of Fordham University and established herself as a primary authority on sychological testing.She started college at the innocent age of fifteen and earned her doctorate by twenty one. matchless of her foremost mentors was Harry Hollingsworth who inspired her to write over one hundred and fifty articles and books, including an extremely popular university textbook on psychological testing. The epitome of her career was her time served as APA president in which she received many esteemed honors. Her largest achievement was the National Medal of Science. In fact one survey named her as the most prominent female psychologist in the English- speaking world