Corporate Identity Essay

Explained by Balmer and Soenen (1999). The International integrated Identity Group (ICIG), therefore, came up with a statement of unified identity, The Strathclyde Statement, to describe it. Please refer to Appendix B for the ICIG statement. A commonality mingled with all attempts to define in corporeald identity, as well as, The Strathclyde Statement, indicates its characteristics which are concluded to be 1. Collective. 2. Central. 3. Enduring. 4. Identifying of unified. 5. Manageable. 6. Manifested by bodily-level dodging (vision and mission). 7. Affecting embodied image and affected by embodied image. Can be a source of competitive advantage. In spite all the variations in defining the concept, a clearer image of what collective identity is emerges after studying its cosmoss and dimensions. This will be explored in the next section. Corporate identity The social organization What meant by structure is the components that describe the unified identity. Regardless of t he difference in categorizations, researchers have more(prenominal) in common when it comes to studying the construct of bodied identity than they had in its definition. Different views were offered of the construct of merged identity.From a orporate talk paradigm, Birkigt & Stadler (1986) in (Balmer, 1998) have introduced corporate identity amalgamate that focuses on the means by which corporate identity is communicated. Their mix take ons corporate personality, conduct, communication, and symbolism. Birkigt & Stadler mix has been given a good deal of attention by many authors (van Riel, 1995 Balmer, 1998 van Rekom, 1997). Communication is considered an Copernican factor in shaping corporate identity, where it is stated that messages are communicated through behaviour of organization members (Balmer & van Riel, 1997).In 1995, Schmidts mix was introduced it adds external environmental factors and also includes corporate ending to the corporate identity mix. It is composed of corporate culture, corporate behaviour, market condition and strategies, product and services, and communication picture. Melewar Karaosmangolu (2006) suggest a seven dimensions construct for corporate identity that is in truth similar to Schmidts mix. These are corporate culture, corporate behaviour, and corporate communication, corporate structure, corporate strategy, corporate design, and industry identity.Balmer and Soenen (1999) have proposed a corporate identity mix that is composed of three of the human senses these are soul, mind, and voice, see figure 1. The mind is the vision and philosophy, strategy, products and services, corporate performance, brand architecture, and corporate ownership, the soul consists of values, cultures, employee affinity, and internal images, and the voice consists of the corporate uncontrolled communication, controlled communication, symbolism, personnel and corporate behaviour, and indirect (external/ third party) communication. foresee 1 1 Corporate Identity Mix Adopted from (Balmer & Soenen, 1999) Corporate culture Corporate culture was devoted proper attention since the early stages in expanding the corporate identity concept beyond the visual identity (Baker & Balmer, 1997 Hatch & Schultz, 1997 Stuart, 1999 Dowling, 1986 Markwick & Fill, 1997 Stuart, 1999 Melewar & Karaosmangolu, 2006). Culture epitomises the consensus deep down a company about how activities should be accomplished and is conceived as a result of a groups shared experience and learning with adore to atters of external adaptation and internal integration (Schein, 1985) in (Melewar & Karaosmangolu, 2006). It is therefore, represented in the shared values and beliefs among corporate members and also includes corporate philosophy, mission, and subcultures (Melewar & Karaosmangolu, 2006).Baker & Balmer (1997) consider culture as the most weighty element in the corporate identity mix. However, in their explanation for corporate identity mix, Ba lmer & Soenen (1999) consider culture as a different concept from values but they place both of them in the Soul category in their organically inspired categorization. All researchers in the scoop state that corporate culture is an important factor in influencing corporate identity.Dowling (1986) puts corporate culture on the alike(p) ontological level as corporate identity and betokens that culture, identity, and image are related components of a system that defines organizations, while Markwick & Fill (1997) consider corporate culture as part of corporate personality, which straight work the corporate identity. Bernstein (1984) considers corporate personality as the total characteristics that generate corporate identity. Abratt and Shee (1989) agree to the ame opinion and consider these characteristics as the totality of behavioural and mind characteristics of the corporate.Melewar & Karaosmangolu (2006) order that culture is usually communicated to stakeholders through emp loyees behaviour. Therefore, culture can be considered as a context in which employees behaviour is formulated (Stuart, 1999). Corporate conduct Many commentators suggest that the actions of a corporation are a fundamental element of its identity (Balmer & van Riel, 1997 Hatch & Schultz, 1997 Kiriakidou & Millward, 2000 Topalian, 1984 Olins, 1995).While Balmer & Soenen (1998) consider behaviour as part of the voice in their categorization, Melewar & Jenkins (2002) gives more attention to the behaviour as described by the body language. Behaviour is one of the most important aspects in corporate identity since corporate identity is rooted in the behaviour of its members (Balmer & van Riel, 1997). This impressiveness comes from the fact that behaviour can be an important media to communicate messages to different stakeholders (Melewar & Jenkins, 2002). Olins (1995) contends that everything that corporate does or ay communicates.Therefore, it is important to align employees behaviour totality or the corporate behaviour with the values, philosophies and communication to effectively contribute toward make the targeted identity. van Rekom (1997) argues that actions that are deliberate are more important than spontaneous ones. Markwick & Fill (1997) argues that the visual cues can be misleading they rely on other cues such as behaviour, communication, and values to understand corporate identity. It is important, then, to indicate that corporate behaviour has to e managed and aligned with the messages communicated by corporate to enforce its identity.Management behaviour is an important aspect of behaviour since the former are more exposed to stakeholders. Hatch and Schultz (1997) argue that identity and image are influenced by the management behaviour. Melewar & Jenkins (2002) argue that management behaviour should be consistent with the values and vision of the organization not to create confusion or communicate faulty messages. Van Rekom (1997) emphasizes the importance of centrality in corporate identity and suggests that employees efforts and behaviour should collaborate owards confirming the organization goals and objectives.Communication and design The purpose of creating a favourable corporate identity is to pouch a positive image to stakeholders and consequently a good theme for the organization. Corporate identity has to be communicated in order to be able to take this advantage. Therefore, all communication medias have to be aligned and coordinated in order to create a consistent corporate identity. Van Riel (1995) considers era in communicating corporate identity as a factor to measure the effectiveness of corporate communication.Controlled Communication Ind (1992) describes corporate communications as the serve up which translates corporate identity into image. Where Ind include uncontrolled communication in his definition, van Riel (1995) distinguishes between controlled and uncontrolled communication in his definition of corporate communication as an instrument of management by means of which all consciously used forms of internal and external communications are harmonized as effectively and efficiently as possible, so as to create a favourable basis for congenatorships upon which the company is dependent.Controlled communication can be classified to include management communication, marketing communication, and organizational communication which are controlled type of communication (van Riel, 1995). Management communication is vital in communicating the corporate objectives and goals to employees (Melewar & Jenkins, 2002). It is delimit as an attempt to communicate the vision and mission of the company in order to establish a favourable image and ultimately a good reputation amongst its internal and external stakeholders (Olins, 1989).Marketing ommunication is generally associated with the 4Ps of product, price, place and promotion, and is aimed at supporting the sales of an organisations product s or services. Marketing communication include, advertising, public relation activities and direct marketing. Van Riel (1995) puts organizational communication as the one with stakeholders that has an interdependent relationship with the organization this includes internal and external stakeholders. Uncontrolled Communication Cornelissen (2000) contends that perceived corporate identity is formed by controlled and uncontrolled communication.Olins (1995) and Balmer (1995) agree on that everything the organization does or say communicates. Uncontrolled communication usually occurs by organizations members dealing with external stakeholders (Moingeon & Ramanantsoa, 1997). It can be concluded that uncontrolled communication mainly occurs through behaviour therefore, behaviour of corporate members should be aligned with corporate philosophies, values and strategies as mentioned earlier. Melewar & Karaosmangolu (2006) suggest that the corporate members commitment to the corporate values a nd goals will reduce the negative uncontrolled communication.A dynamic interrelationship between culture and communication (controlled and uncontrolled) can be concluded from the earlier argument. Corporate culture is usually communicated through employees behaviour (uncontrolled communication) (Melewar & Karaosmangolu, 2006). Corporate Design Corporate design is consisted of the organisations name, slogan, logotype and symbol, colour and typography (Melewar & Saunders, 1998). Bernstein (1986) and Dowling (1986) consider the messages communicated through the symbol have more value than the symbol itself.Therefore, it is the communication done by the ymbol that makes the visual identity important to corporate identity. Melewar and Saunders (1998) attest on the importance of visual identity of corporation in influencing purchase decisions by consumers due to the fast change in technology. The visual manifestation of corporate identity can communicate the corporate values and support the other forms of communication (Baker & Balmer, 1997). Melewar & Karaosmangolu (2006) also found that the slogan has powerful effect on stakeholders wisdoms of the organizations. organize Corporate structure is fundamental component of corporate identity (Olins, 1986 Melewar & Karaosmangolu, 2006). Brand structure Organizations develop stigmatization strategies in order to distinguish itself from competitors (Melewar & Karaosmangolu, 2006). Olins (1986) have introduced three different brand structures 1 . Monolithic structure in this structure, the corporate uses consistent design and name. 2. Endorsed structure where the names and designs of the subsidiaries are associated with the parent corporate. 3.Branded structure indicates that the design and name of the parent company is less exposed to customers and different products have separate brands. Organisational Structure Organizational structure refers to the hierarchy in the organization, lines of reporting and communication. The degree autonomy of the managers is determined by the degree of centralization within the organizations structure. The more decentralize the structure is, the more autonomy managers have, (Melewar & Karaosmangolu, 2006) which may lead to the emergence of new brand structure (Olins, 1986).Strategy All literature reviewed has made a link between corporate identity and strategy. There are different views on the relationship between corporate identity and trategy. The first view indicates that strategy provides a context to encapsulate corporate identity (Markwick & Fill, 1997 Stuart, 1999). The second view argues that as corporate identity encapsulates corporate values and mission and vision, it makes a role point for the corporate strategy (Balmer & Greyser, 2009).He (2006) suggests a dynamic interrelationship between corporate identity and strategy which can be bidirectional. He (2006) suggests that corporate identity and strategy should have a big enough gap to allow change and enough alignment to maintain onsistency. Melewar & Karaosmangolu (2006) have highlighted two strategy types that are Differentiation Strategy Differentiation strategy is the aspect of the corporate strategy that focus on the corporate strength and competitive advantage which is link to the basic identity of the corporate (Melewar & Karaosmangolu, 2006).Positioning strategy Positioning strategy which is, according to Melewar & Karaosmangolu (2006), linked to the desired identity for the corporate. Corporate identity management several(prenominal) models were introduced by academics to manage corporate identity. In the following sections, some of these models are described and analysed. Kennedy (1977) Kennedys model has focused on the creation of a positive corporate image (See Figure 2). She has realised the ability to influence corporate image through behavioural projections of the company.Kennedy has realised that based on the reality behaviour, or as per her wording policies ope rating within the company, an enduring and robust positive image can be obtained. In this model, Kennedy has acknowledged the importance of the effect of employees intelligence of the corporate n their behaviour and consequently on the projection of the corporate image to other stakeholders. In other parts of her article she declares the importance of employees in the process of company image formation.Also, there was no mentioning of visual identity of the corporate, as we know it is part of the corporate identity mix. Although her model hasnt handled corporate identity in its new shape, her model was a starting point for several further models. Kennedys model main contribution was her awareness of the ability to influence corporate image based on corporate reality and behaviour. Figure 1 2 Kennedy model for managing corporate image Adopted from Stuart (1999) Dowling (1986) As seen in Figure 3, Dowling has elaborated on the role of communication in forming image of the corporat e.Dowling considered that interpersonal communication represents the images of the firm held by these groups, and that mass media communication represents the companys perception of itself. His argument is in contrast with the later literature reviewed which distinguishes between corporate identity, which communication is part of, and the corporate image that can be influenced by communication. Van Riel (1995) suggests that corporate communication should be consistent with corporate strategy, corporate identity, and corporate image.Figure 1 3 Dowling model for managing corporate image Adopted from Stuart (1999) In the conception of corporate culture, Dowling has dealt with culture as a determinant where he placed it at the same level with identity (Hatch & Schultz, 1997). However, Hatch and Schultz didnt share the same opinion with Dowling where they have considered culture as a context of identity rather than being a determinant. Also Dowlings model were criticised for his under estimation of the role f management communication in influencing employees behaviour and internal images.Abratt (1989) Abratts model has introduced the concept of corporate personality. He argued that from the corporate personality, corporate philosophies can be developed, where the last mentioned include values and culture of the corporate. The strategy was also included in the corporate personality in the model as showed in Figure 4. However, Abratt has defined corporate identity as an assembly of visual clues-physical and behavioural by which an audience can recognise a company and distinguish it from others and hich can be used to represent or symbolise the company (Abratt & Shee, 1989).